Do Car Insurance Companies Investigate Claims?

Last Updated on December 8, 2025

If you’re reading this, chances are you or someone you know has been involved in a car accident that damaged a vehicle or caused injuries. One of the first things most people do afterward is contact their auto insurer to file a claim and hope the company will pay enough to cover the loss.

But before paying, your car insurance company will almost always conduct an investigation. This can feel overwhelming or even intimidating, especially if you’ve never gone through the process before.

Below, we explain what happens after you file a claim, why insurers investigate, and how you can prepare so the process goes as smoothly as possible.

Key Takeaways

• Car insurers routinely investigate claims to verify coverage, facts, and costs—and to prevent fraud.
• Adjusters will review your policy, inspect your vehicle, and request documentation like police reports, photos, and medical records.
• If your loss isn’t covered or the claim appears suspicious, the insurer can deny it or escalate it to a special investigations unit.
• Honest, well-prepared policyholders usually have nothing to fear—cooperation and accurate information help claims go smoothly.

What Happens After Filing a Claim?

After you contact your insurance provider and file a claim, your case is assigned to a claims or insurance adjuster.

Typically, the adjuster will:

• Contact you to get your account of what happened
• Ask for supporting documents (police report, photos, witness statements)
• Review your policy to see what coverage applies
• Inspect your vehicle (in person or via photos/videos)

The adjuster’s first step is to determine if the claim is actually covered under your policy. For example:

• If you file a claim for damage to your own car but you only have liability coverage, the claim will likely be denied because liability only covers third-party damage.
• If you have collision coverage, then damage to your own vehicle from a crash is usually covered (subject to your deductible).

Other Information Your Adjuster May Request

Depending on the nature of the claim, your adjuster may request:

• Medical reports from your healthcare providers
• Itemized medical bills and treatment records
• Photos or videos of vehicle damage and the scene
• Proof of lost wages (pay stubs, employer letters, tax returns for self-employed workers)

This documentation helps the insurer verify your losses and calculate an appropriate settlement amount.

Why Do Auto Insurance Companies Investigate Claims?

Auto insurers pay out billions in claims each year, and every claim they approve represents a financial loss to them. That doesn’t mean they’re trying to deny every claim—but they are obligated to ensure claims are:

• Valid (the accident happened as described)
• Covered (fits within policy terms)
• Accurately valued (no exaggerated or fraudulent costs)

Unfortunately, fraudulent claims are common. Some people intentionally damage their vehicles or inflate repair bills and injury-related expenses. Because of this, insurers must carefully review claims to protect themselves and to keep premiums fair for honest policyholders.

What Can You Expect During a Claims Investigation?

During an investigation, your adjuster’s job is to verify details—not to harass you. That said, the process can feel intense if you don’t know what to expect.

Here’s what typically happens:

• Interview: The adjuster asks you questions about how the accident happened, who was involved, weather/traffic conditions, and any injuries.
• Policy review: They compare the facts of the case to your coverage to determine whether or not the loss is covered.
• Evidence review: They examine photos, police reports, and witness statements to confirm your account.
• Vehicle inspection: They or a partner shop inspect the car to estimate damage and repair cost.

If the facts and coverage align, the claim is typically paid. If your policy doesn’t cover the damage—or if evidence suggests fraud or misrepresentation—your car insurance company may deny the claim. In extreme cases of suspected fraud, the case may be referred to the insurer’s special investigations unit (SIU) or law enforcement.

How to Prepare for a Claims Investigation

If you’ve filed a claim with your car insurance company, preparation can make the process smoother and less stressful.

Here’s how to get ready:

• Gather documentation: Collect photos, videos, police reports, medical records, and contact information for any witnesses.
• Know your policy: Review your coverage limits and deductibles so you know what to expect.
• Cooperate with inspections: Be prepared for the adjuster to inspect your vehicle, take pictures, and sometimes visit the scene.
• Answer questions honestly: Never lie or guess. If you’re unsure about details, say so. Inconsistent or inaccurate answers raise red flags.
• Stay calm and organized: Take your time when answering; it’s better to be accurate than fast.

If you feel overwhelmed or believe your claim is being unfairly delayed or disputed, consider speaking with a car accident attorney for guidance.

Claims Investigation FAQs

The Bottom Line on Claims Investigations

Yes, car insurance companies do investigate claims—but if your claim is legitimate and you’re honest, you generally have nothing to worry about. The investigation process is designed to verify coverage and prevent fraud, not to punish honest drivers.

Stay calm, be truthful, and keep good records. That’s the best way to ensure your claim is processed fairly and efficiently.